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Post-translational Control - Alterations Of Amino Acids, Alteration Of The Polypeptide Backbone, Inteins

protein altered structure identity

Post-translational control can be defined as the mechanisms by which protein structure can be altered after translation. Proteins are polymers of amino acids, and there are twenty different amino acids. Both the order and identity of these amino acids are important for the role that the protein plays in the cell. In some cases, the chemical identity of these amino acids is changed after translation. Alternatively, the sequence or number of the amino acids in a protein can be altered. These changes can alter the structure or function of the protein, or they can target it for destruction.

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Post-translational Control - Alterations Of Amino Acids

Post-translational control of protein function or structure can be accomplished by chemical alteration of an amino acid side chain or by modification of the ends of the protein backbone. While there are many diverse chemical modifications of amino acids, three common examples are phosphorylation, glycosylation, and ubiquitination. Phosphorylation involves the addition of phosphate to an amino acid…

Post-translational Control - Alteration Of The Polypeptide Backbone

Control of protein function by post-translational modification may also occur by altering the order of the amino acids in the protein backbone. These modifications may be promoted by other proteins or they may be self-directed. Three mechanisms of post-translational control. Certain proteins are synthesized as larger precursor proteins and are activated by cleavage of their peptide backbone…

Post-translational Control - Inteins

Proteins can also direct the rearrangement of their own polypeptide backbones. For instance, proteins called inteins facilitate a process known as protein splicing. Inteins interrupt the amino acid sequence, and probably the function, of other proteins. Examples include an intein in yeast that interrupts an ATPase, one in a mycobacteria that interrupts the RecA protein (which is involved in DNA re…

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