DNA footprinting is a technique for identifying exactly where a protein binds to DNA. Knowing where a protein binds to DNA often aids in understanding how gene expression is regulated. Consequently, DNA footprinting is often part of a larger study to determine how a particular gene is controlled.
DNA footprinting is based on the observation that when a protein binds to DNA, the DNA is protected from chemicals that would otherwise cleave it. In a typical DNA footprinting experiment, a DNA fragment with a suspected protein-binding site is first isolated, then labeled with a radioactive nucleotide or other chemical that will allow it to be detected later on. Once labeled, the DNA is then mixe…
DNA footprinting is often used to locate the binding site for proteins that regulate transcription. For example, a researcher may suspect that a particular protein binds to a particular DNA fragment and inhibits transcription. After conducting a DNA footprinting experiment, the researcher will know the location of the exact sequence of DNA bound by that protein. If that sequence matches the sequen…
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