Antisense Nucleotides

Investigation of the mechanism of action of antisense RNA led to the surprising discovery that naturally occurring double-stranded RNA molecules (dsRNA) suppress gene expression as well as or better than antisense sequences. This suppression by dsRNA of expression of the related gene is called RNA interference. dsRNA molecules are cut into short segments by nucleases; the antisense strand of such a segment then peels off and binds with its complementary mRNA. This new, double-stranded RNA is then subject to further nuclease attack. RNA interference is believed to be an ancient means of protecting against double-stranded RNA viruses. Further understanding of RNA interference may lead to improvements in or replacement of antisense therapies.